Prof.Ziyaul haque

  "Mastering Organic Chemistry: A Comprehensive Guide to Essential Functional Groups" Organic chemistry is a fascinating realm of molecules and reactions, and at its core lie functional groups—distinctive arrangements of atoms that define a compound's behavior. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore essential functional groups, their structures, examples, and properties, providing you with a fundamental understanding of their roles in organic compounds. 1. Hydroxyl Group (-OH): Structure: -OH Example: Alcohol (e.g., ethanol) Properties: Polar, can form hydrogen bonds, increases solubility in water. 2. Carbonyl Group (C=O): Structure: C=O Types: Aldehyde: Carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain (e.g., formaldehyde). Ketone: Carbonyl group within a carbon chain (e.g., acetone). Properties: Polar, involved in nucleophilic addition reactions. 3. Carboxyl Group (-COOH): Structure: -COOH Example: Carboxylic acid (e.g., acetic acid) Properties: Acidic, can ...